Regardless of the block-and-tackle system you use, you need to keep the line
from slipping when you have the rope trimmed where you want it. To prevent
slipping, you have two options: Hold onto the rope or cleat it.
Ratchet blocks
Some blocks ratchet,which means that they turn freely when you pull the line
but don’t turn at all in the other direction. This extra friction makes the line
easier to hold. Ratchet blocks are common on the mainsheets and jib sheets
of smaller keelboats and dinghies. They usually have a button or lever to turn
the ratchet action off and let the block turn freely in both directions, which is
useful in light wind. The extra holding power of a ratchet block makes hang-
ing onto the mainsheet on a windy day much easier.
Cleats
Most sailboats have more control lines than you have hands. Although cer-
tain creative sailors have been known to use their mouths to hold a rope or
two (which the American Dental Association doesn’t recommend), most con-
trol lines have some sort of cleat to hold them.
Horn cleats and jammers:These very secure cleats are best for lines
such as halyards that you don’t adjust often. (See Chapter 4 for more on
hoisting sails.)
Clamcleats and cam cleats:Easier to uncleat, these two cleats are well
suited for mainsheets, jib sheets, and other lines that you need to adjust
regularly. As you see in Figure 5-15, a Clamcleat has grooves that make it
look like the two sides of a clam shell. These grooves help hold a line
that’s under load. A cam cleat has two movable, notched jaws that use
spring action to open and to grasp the line. To uncleat the line, you pull
up and toward yourself (sometimes forcefully) to lift it out of the jaws.
Figure 5-14:
A simple 4:1
purchase
system
(left); an 8:1
cascading
system
(right).
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Part II:Casting Off and Sailing Away
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