3.Release the old jib sheet and trim the new one as the boat rotates
through the no-sail zone.
Your crew can omit this step if you don’t have a jib.
4.Switch sides (see the middle photo in Figure 5-10).
You (and your crew, if necessary) switch sides in order to retain visibil-
ity and to get your weight to the new windward side. You may find
moving across easiest as the boat turns through the no-sail zone —
especially on a dinghy where your weight is needed as ballast when the
sails fill on the new close-hauled course.
5.Keep turning the boat until you exit the no-sail zone.
Slow down your turn as the sails begin to fill on the new side. When
you’re safely out of the no-sail zone, begin steering straight.
6.Check the trim of the sails on the new tack (see the bottom photo of
Figure 5-10).
The wind is now blowing across the other side of the boat.
Congratulations! You’ve successfully changed tacks. As you settle in on a
close-hauled course and confirm the proper trim of your sails, you may
want to cleat the sheets if they’re pulling so hard that holding them is
uncomfortable.
When tacking, turning all the way through the no-sail zone is important. As
the boat turns and the sails flap, your boat is losing momentum. Dally too
long in this zone, and you risk losing headway and getting stuck in irons, as
we discuss in the next section. So make sure that you keep turning until the
boat is turned far enough on the other tack that you can trim the sails in
without any luffing, and start accelerating. The entire maneuver should take
about five seconds on a small keelboat or dinghy.
Ironing out those irons
The most common mistake beginners make when trying to tack is to get the
boat stuck in the no-sail zone, dead in the water with no maneuverability. Just
like on a car, the steering wheel or tiller has no effect if your boat isn’t
moving. Being stuck head-to-wind in the no-sail zone is called being in irons.
(Some interesting reason going back to the days of the square riggers must
explain why this situation is called “in irons,” but that’s a story for another
day.) You get in irons when you don’t turn the boat all the way through the
no-sail zone during a tack, or if you turn too slowly during a tack, or when
you try to sail too close to the wind direction.
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Part II:Casting Off and Sailing Away
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