All sailboats have lots of rope
When a sailboat is rigged (prepared and ready to go sailing), all the ropes
used to raise and adjust the sails can look like spaghetti. This pasta is all part
of the boat’s running rigging. Even the simplest sailboat has several adjust-
ment ropes, and each has its own name. For example, the rope running up
mast that’s used to pull the sails up is called the halyard. Just to make every-
thing more confusing, the “proper” names for ropes on a sailboat, when they
have a purpose and use, are lines,as in “Throw me a line.” But most sailors
use the terms interchangeably without confusing their crews, and they are
equally acceptable (and we use both terms in this book).
When you’re starting out, understanding what the lines do is more important
than worrying about what to call them. So the only line that you need to
know to start sailing is the sheet— the primary line that adjusts the sail trim
(the angle of the sail to the wind), referred to with the sail it adjusts (for
example, mainsheet andjib sheet).
Depending on the wind strength and the size of the sails, pulling in the main-
sheet (and most of the other lines) can be a tough job. Most boats use a system
of blocks,or pulleys, to make pulling in the lines that carry a lot of load easier.
So you don’t have to hold that mainsheet with your teeth when your arms get
tired, the typical mainsheet system also has a conveniently located cleat.
In a sailboat, the wind is your fuel, and the sail is your engine. So the gas
pedal is the sheet(shown in Figure 1-6), the rope that pulls in the sail and
harnesses the power of the wind.
19
Chapter 1: Ready, Set, Go: Time to Start Sailing
Not all sails are created equal
Back in the old days of square riggers, sails
were made out of cotton. They were heavy and
very stretchy. Today, most sails are made out of
a polyester fiber called Dacron. But high-tech
racing boats have sails made out of exotic, light-
weight, yet strong materials, such as Mylar,
carbon fiber, and Kevlar (the fabric in bullet-
proof vests). In the 1988 America’s Cup, I sailed
aboard Stars & Stripes,a 65-foot (20-meter)
catamaran. Instead of “soft” sails, this boat had
a “hard wing” — very similar to the wing of
a passenger jet. Constructed out of carbon
fiber and other very strong and light materials,
this hard wing was really a mast and sail
all wrapped up in one. Because of its three-
dimensional wing shape and innovative shape
controls, it was extremely fast — and we
won the Cup! But at the end of each day of sail-
ing, the boat had to be carefully tipped on its
side (using a huge hydraulic contraption) to hide
the wing from any swirl of wind behind a wall.
Because you can’t just lower and fold up a hard
wing after a day on the water, this type of sail
isn’t very practical for everyday sailors . . . but
it sure is fast!
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